
Explainer: The stablecoin surge

Stablecoins, a type of cryptocurrency pegged to a reserve asset, have seen a rapid surge in adoption and market capitalisation over the past five years. Total stablecoin market capitalisation is now roughly US$250 billion, according to an LSEG report, up from $180 billion at the start of 2024. Citi has projected that the stablecoin market will be at least $1.9 trillion by 2030, and possibly as much as $4 trillion. While stablecoin use is set to keep rising as cryptocurrency grows more popular, several countries are introducing new regulations that could steer the course of the market in 2026.What are stablecoins?Stablecoins’ value is backed by a reserve asset, such as a fiat currency, a commodity, or another cryptocurrency. The vast majority of popular stablecoins are backed by the U.S. dollar, representing around 99% of stablecoins’ market capitalisation. More than 80% of stablecoin transactions occur outside the U.S., however, according to a Brookings Institution report. A stablecoin can be fully reserved, with the price of each coin supported by its underlying asset, or algorithmic, where coins are automatically created or destroyed to control prices. Because their value is pegged to a reserve asset, stablecoins







